MuscleTables
Table5-1
MuscleTables
MUSCLE
PROXIMAL
ATTACHMENT
(ORIGIN)
DISTAL
ATTACHMENT
(INSERTION)
INNERVATION
MAIN ACTIONS
BLOOD SUPPLY
MUSCLE
GROUP
Bulbospongiosus
Male:
median raphe,
bulb of penis,
perineal body
Female:
perineal
body
Male:
perineal
membrane,
corpus
cavernosum,
bulb of penis
Female:
dorsum of
clitoris, inferior
fascia of
urogenital
diaphragm, bulb
of vestibule,
pubic arch
Deep branch of
perineal nerve
from pudendal
nerve
Male:
compresses
bulb of penis,
forces blood
into body of
penis during
erection,
removes urine
from urethra and
semen during
ejaculation
Female:
constricts
vaginal orifice,
assists in
expressing
secretions of
greater
vestibular gland,
forces blood
into body of
clitoris
Internal pudendal
artery and its
branch (perineal
artery)
Perineal
Coccygeus
(ischiococcygeus)
Ischial spine,
sacrospinous
ligament
Inferior sacrum,
coccyx
Ventral rami of lower
sacral nerves
Supports pelvic
viscera, draws
coccyx forward
Inferior gluteal artery
Pelvic floor
Compressor urethrae
(female only)
Ischiopubic ramus
Anterior aspect of
urethra
Perineal branches of
pudendal nerve
Sphincter of urethra
Perineal branch of
internal
pudendal artery
Perineal
Cremaster
Lower edge of
internal oblique
and middle of
inguinal ligament
Pubic tubercle, crest
of pubis
Genital branch of
genitofemoral
nerve
Retracts testicle
Cremasteric branch
of inferior
epigastric artery
Spermatic cord
Deep transverse
perineal
Inner surface of
inferior ischial
rami
Male:
medial
tendinous raphe
and perineal
body
Female:
sides of
vagina
Perineal branches of
pudendal nerve
Stabilizes perineal
body, supports
prostate/vagina
Perineal branch of
internal
pudendal artery
Perineal
External anal
sphincter
Tip of coccyx,
anococcygeal
ligament
Deeper fibers
surround anal
canal, attach
posteriorly to
coccyx and
anteriorly to
central point of
perineum
Perineal and inferior
rectal branches
of pudendal
nerve
Closes anal orifice
Inferior rectal and
transverse
perineal artery
Perineal
Iliacus
Superior 2/3 of iliac
fossa, ala of
sacrum, anterior
sacro-iliac
ligaments
Lesser trochanter of
femur and shaft
inferior to it, to
psoas major
tendon
Femoral nerve
Flexes thigh at hips
and stabilizes
hip joint, acts
with psoas
major
Iliac branches of
iliolumbar artery
Anterior thigh
Ischiocavernosus
Inferior internal
surface of
ischiopubic
ramus, ischial
tuberosity
Crus of penis or
clitoris
Deep branch of
perineal nerve
from pudendal
nerve
Forces blood into
body of penis
and clitoris
during erection
Internal pudendal
artery and its
branch (perineal
artery)
Perineal
Levator ani
Body of pubis,
tendinous arch
of obturator
fascia, ischial
spine
Perineal body,
coccyx,
anococcygeal
raphe, walls of
prostate or
vagina, rectum,
anal canal
Ventral rami of lower
sacral nerves,
perineal nerve
Supports pelvic
viscera, raises
pelvic floor
Inferior gluteal
artery, internal
pudendal artery
and its branches
(inferior rectal
and perineal
arteries)
Pelvic floor
Obturator internus
Pelvic surface of
obturator
membrane and
surrounding
bone
Medial surface of
greater
trochanter of
femur
Nerve to obturator
internus
Laterally rotates
extended thigh,
abducts flexed
thigh at hip
Internal pudendal
and obturator
arteries
Gluteal region
Variations in spinal nerve contributions to the innervation of muscles, their arterial supply, their attachments, and their actions are common themes in human
anatomy. Therefore, expect differences between texts and realize that anatomical variation is normal.
